In the 1850’s, Dangerfield Early started a school in Walnut Hills. When the neighborhood was annexed to Cincinnati in 1870, the school board constructed a building for Black children, the Elm Street Colored School (1872). It was renamed Frederick Douglass in 1901. By 1911, that building had become over-crowded. The new, large building housed not only the grade-school classrooms, but also a separate library, showers, meeting rooms and a gym. These facilities supported the use of the building as a community center for the Black population of Walnut Hills.
In 1980, a new building was erected on the playground of the 1911 facility; that building now houses the Spencer Educational Center. The modern Frederick Douglass school was completed in 2008 and still serves as Walnut Hills’ neighborhood elementary school.